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【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforMeasuringtheTransmittedandStoredEnergyofFirefighterProtectiveClothingSystems
【原文标准名称】:测定消防员防护服系统的能量传播和储存的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMF2731-2010
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2010
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:F23.80
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:firefighters;materialsystems;protectiveclothing;radiantheat;transmittedenergy;second-degreeburninjury;storedenergy
【摘要】:Firefightersareroutinelyexposedtoradiantheatinthecourseoftheirfiregroundactivities.Insomecases,firefightershavereportedburninjuriesunderclothingwherethereisnoevidenceofdamagetotheexteriororinteriorlayersofthefirefighterprotectiveclothing.Lowlevelsoftransmittedradiantenergyaloneoracombinationofthetransmittedradiantenergyandstoredenergyreleasedthroughcompressioncanbesufficienttocausethesetypesofinjuries.Thistestmethodwasdesignedtomeasureboththetransmittedandstoredenergyinfirefighterprotectiveclothingmaterialsystemsunderaspecificsetoflaboratoryexposureconditions.Theintensityofradiantheatexposureusedinthistestmethodwaschosentobeanapproximatemidpointrepresentativeofordinaryfiregroundconditionsasdefinedforstructuralfirefighting(1),(2).Thespecificradiantheatexposurewasselectedat8.5x00B1;0.5kW/m2(0.20x00B1;0.012cal/cm2-s)sincethislevelofradiantheatcanbemaintainedbythetestequipmentandproduceslittleornodamagetomostNFPA1971compliantprotectiveclothingsystems.5.2.1Discussion151;Utechdefinedordinaryfiregroundconditionsashavingairtemperaturesrangingfrom60to300x00B0;Candhavingheatfluxvaluesrangingfrom2.1to21.0kW/m2(0.05to0.5cal/cm2-s).Protectiveclothingsystemsincludethematerialsusedinthecompositestructure.Theseincludetheoutershell,moisturebarrier,andthermalbarrier.Itispossibletheywillalsoincludeothermaterialsusedonfirefighterprotectiveclothingsuchasreinforcementlayers,seams,pockets,flaps,hookandloop,straps,orreflectivetrim.Thetransmissionandstorageofheatenergyinfirefighterprotectiveclothingisaffectedbyseveralfactors.Theseincludetheeffectsofx201C;wearx201D;andx201C;usex201D;conditionsoftheprotectiveclothingsystem.Inthistestmethod,conditioningproceduresareprovidedforthelaunderingofcompositesamplespriortotesting,andalsocompositesamplemoisturepreconditioning.Theamountofmoistureaddedduringpreconditioningtypicallyfallsintoaworstcaseamountintermsofpredictedheattransfer,assuggestedbyBarker(3).Twodifferentproceduresforconductingthetestareprovidedinthistestmethod.ProcedureAinvolvesaniterativeapproachtodeterminetheminimumexposuretimefollowedbyafixed60-secondcompressiontimerequiredtopredictaseconddegreeburninjury.Inthisapproach,thelengthoftheradiantexposureisvariedsystematicallyusingaseriesofteststodeterminethelengthoftheradiantexposurethatwillresultinthepredictionofaseconddegreeburninjury.ProcedureBinvolvesusingafixedradiantheatexposuretimetodetermineifaseconddegreeburninjurywillorwillnotbepredicted.Ifaseconddegreeburninjuryispredicted,thetimetoaseconddegreeburninjuryisreported.Ifaseconddegreeburninjuryisnotpredicted,theresultisindicatedasx201C;nopredictedburn.x201D;ProcedureBinvolvesafewernumberoftests.Thisprocedureincludesrecommendedfixedradiantexposuretimes.1.1Thistestmethodprovidesproceduresformeasuringthecombinationoftransmittedandstoredenergythatoccursinfirefighterprotectiveclothingmaterialsystemsastheresultofexposuretoprolonged,relativelylowlevelsofradiantheat.1.1.1Thistestmethodappliesapre......
【中国标准分类号】:C73
【国际标准分类号】:13_340_10
【页数】:13P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:Continuousmechanicalhandlingequipment;Beltconveyorsforbulkmaterials;Basesforcalculationanddesign
【原文标准名称】:连续输送机.松散物料用皮带输送机.计算和设计原则
【标准号】:DIN22101-1942
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:
【发布日期】:
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DE-DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:
【国际标准分类号】:
【页数】:
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